논문초록
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Exploring new electrolyte chemistry beyond conventional single-phase battery electrolytes is needed to fulfill the different requirements of anodes and cathodes. Here, we report biphasic liquid electrolytes (BLE) based on the kosmotropic effect. The key underlying technology is phase separation of electrolytes using a principle of ‘‘demixing the miscible liquids’’. Kosmotropic/chaotropic anions affect ion coordination structures of electrolytes, enabling on-demand control of immiscibility/miscibility. Despite the intrinsic miscibility, structural change of aqueous electrolyte by kosmotropic ions allows demixing with organic electrolyte. The resultant BLE enables Zn metal cells to exhibit a long cyclability (86.6% after 3500 cycles) and high energy density (183 Wh kg-1). Furthermore, we design ionic liquid skinny gels (thickness ≈500 nm) using thiol-ene polymer compliant skeleton and the BLE to realize polymeric protective layer for practical Zn batteries. |